In computer systems, RS485 is used for data transmission between the controller and a disk drive. RS485 is used in many computer and automation systems. RS485 is also used in performance venues to control lights and systems such as the one shown below. That is why RS485 is currently a widely used communication interface in data acquisition and control applications where multiple nodes communicate with each other. Network topology is probably the reason why RS485 is now the favorite of the four mentioned interfaces in data acquisition and control applications. In this article, we will be discussing these protocols in detail and how they are used in industrial control systems. Both of these protocols are used in applications such as data acquisition, automation, and robotics. RS485 at its core with 2 wires allows half-duplex data transmission. RS485 avoids this issue which also allows for shielding of the cables to prevent noise. A: In RS485 wiring, it is essential to use twisted-pair cables with proper shielding to reduce interference from external sources.

RS485 is highlighted for its great features: it can both send and receive messages (half-duplex), work over long distances, and resist interference. It's good at talking to many devices at once (multi-drop) and can work with various gadgets. RS485 can handle multiple devices on a single communication line, while RS232 can only handle two devices. On the other hand, RS232 is suitable for short-distance communication and simpler applications. RS485 has many advantages over other standards, especially when it comes to applications in noisy industrial environments. The RS485 is also common in computers, PLCs, microcontrollers and intelligent sensors in scientific and technical applications. Ultimately, it can be thought of in a way that serial communication is more made for this usage as compared to the common USB and ethernet. This works well and prevents the existence of ground loops, a common source of communication problems. Because of this RS485 and the others can be used in situations with a severe ground level shift of several volts, where at the same time high bit rates are possible because the transition between logical 0 and logical 1 is only a few hundred millivolts. RS485 uses a balanced and differential signal, which means that it can be transmitted over twisted pair cables without the need for a separate ground line.

Modbus RTU is a serial communication protocol that uses a binary representation of data to transmit messages between devices. In RS485 standard, data is transmitted via two wires twisted together also referred to as "Twisted Pair Cable". By adding another 2 wires, making it a 4 wires system, it allows data transmission in both directions to and fro devices at the same time, also known as full-duplex. Variably, this time both TX and RX have their own 2 wires for data transmission. For instance, consider devices A and B. During a specific timeframe, data transmission is allowed from A to B, and once completed, data transmission from B to A can take place. The main difference between RS422 and RS485 is that RS422 supports point-to-point communication, while RS485 allows for multidrop networks where multiple devices can share the same bus. The main difference between them is in the hardware. Using a repeater, the main cable is divided into different segments, each of which can be up to 700 m in length and connect 32 devices (this number includes the repeaters). Apart from a one-to-one connection, RS485 can be used with a serial bus that connects to multiple peripherals.

However, Arduino and Raspberry Pi hobbyists also use it for some of their projects when multiple peripherals need to be linked to the board. Commercial aircraft cabins also use RS485 for low-speed data communications. RS-485 is used for low-speed data communications in commercial aircraft cabins' vehicle bus. In short, RS485 is a standard defining the electrical characteristics of serial lines for use in serial communications systems. These characteristics include: definition of a unit load, voltage ranges, open-circuit voltages, thresholds, and transient tolerance. RS485 main advantages as compared to other serial communication are tolerance to electrical noise, lengthy cable runs, multiple slaves in one connection, and fast data transmission speed. The other devices (the slaves) respond by giving the requested data to the master, or by taking the action requested in the query. Up to 32 slaves can be connected in the system. However, in a full-duplex setup, they are limited to a master and slave communication where slaves cannot communicate with each other. In this setup both the TX and RX share a single pair of wires, therefore it is limited to half-duplex data transmission as the data cannot be transmitted simultaneously to and fro each device.

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