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Anxiety affects 40 million adults in the United States. Many types of medications are available to treat it.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), like Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro and Effexor, work to alleviate anxiety by raising levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain. They're not addictive, unlike benzodiazepines.

SSRIs

The most popular anxiety medications are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro) and fluoxetine (Prozac). These drugs also treat depression and can alleviate the symptoms of other anxiety disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It can take up one month for them to start working.

They work by increasing the levels of certain chemical messengers in the brain, such as serotonin and norepinephrine. They're usually the first treatment option for anxiety, but doctors also use other types of antidepressants and benzodiazepines.

Another class of antidepressants, known as serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor), are also used to treat anxiety. They function a bit differently from SSRIs, as they also reduce the reabsorption of norepinephrine as well as serotonin, but at lower levels than SSRIs. These medications may take a few days to take effects, and also are more expensive than SSRIs.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as imipramine (Tofranil) can be effective in treating certain anxiety disorders, notably GAD. However their drowsiness as well as other side effects are what make them less popular. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another kind of antidepressant that can be used to treat anxiety. However, their dietary restrictions and the high risk of toxicity restrict their use.

Benzodiazepines are often used to combat anxiety and panic attacks in the short-term like when you wait for SSRIs or SNRIs to kick in. These medications can trigger dependence tolerance, sedation, and tolerance, as well as withdrawal symptoms such a depression, anxiety, and delirium. The most commonly used benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax) and clonazepam (Klonopin) and lorazepam (Ativan).

Therapy is a vital part of any anxiety treatment plan. It assists you to better know your symptoms and their root causes. Many people discover that both therapy and medication aid them cope with anxiety. Some studies suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy is as effective as medications for anxiety. Talk to your doctor to find out what's right for you.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines can have a calming effect, reduce anxiety and relax tense muscle. They also alleviate symptoms of fear-related bodily arousal (like heart rate, trembling and trembling) and promote sleep.

The way they work is through binding to inhibitory neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutryic acid, or GABA, at receptors in the central nervous system. They enhance the effects of GABA by facilitating its inhibitory effect on other neurotransmitters while reducing the number of messages that are sent to the amygdala. a region of the brain which detects threats and gives the sensation of fear.

These medications are typically taken for short durations, such as during panic attacks or an anxiety episodes. They may help relieve the symptoms within 30 to 90 minutes of taking them. Benzodiazepines are, in contrast to SSRIs aren't able to remain in the body for a long time. They are fast acting and can work within a couple of hours. This makes them suitable for situations in which quick relief is required (such as during a flight or before a presentation in public).

They are addictive, and it is recommended to only prescribe them for up to four weeks at a time. They also lose effectiveness after that time.

One of the main reasons benzodiazepines are so popular is because they are efficient and have few negative effects compared to predecessors such as barbiturates and meprobamate. They have a quick time to begin their action and are extremely effective as anxiolytics (anti-anxiety), sedatives, anticonvulsants, as well as for muscle relaxants.

Benzos have been blamed for the negative perceptions of anxiety that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, which included the stigmatization of anxiety and the perception that benzodiazepine treatment can lead to physical dependence. Despite this they still play a significant role in the treatment of anxiety disorders, especially when used in conjunction with psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy.

Benzos may interact with other medications and trigger undesirable side effects, such as drowsiness and disorientation. It's important to let your doctor know about any other prescription, non-prescription or herbal medications you're currently taking or thinking about taking. You can find out which medications are safe to take with benzodiazepines through the British National Formulary A-Z list new treatments for anxiety medication interactions.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants can ease anxiety and other mental health conditions. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, antidepressants -- like SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -- can help reduce chronic anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The FDA has approved many antidepressants to treat other health ailments, too, such as eating disorders, certain kinds of pain, and bipolar disorder.

SSRIs are usually prescribed as a first-line treatment for anxiety by doctors, however they may not work for all people. If the antidepressants do not work doctors may suggest an older form of medication to treat anxiety and depression known as a tetracyclic or tricyclic antidepressant. These include amitriptyline, nortriptyline, clomipramine, dothiepin, doxepin, trimipramine or imipramine. They're not as popular as the latest antidepressants, yet they're still accessible. You can ask your doctor to prescribe the sedating antidepressant trazodone(Desyrel) in lower doses in case you are having sleep problems or anxiety.

Nefazodone, a.k.a Ferdinand (Cymbalta) and duloxetine are also useful. These medications are also available in generic form. If they aren't working, your physician may suggest the sedating antidepressant mirtazapine (Remeron) or the antipsychotics quetiapine or olanzapine.

Other medications for anxiety disorders include beta blockers that reduce the heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the action of adrenaline. These medications aren't typically used to treat anxiety by themselves however they can be helpful when combined with psychological therapy.

Psychotherapy can help you to change negative thoughts and behavior that cause anxiety. It can help you learn to manage your anxiety and develop coping strategies. Depending on the severity of your condition exposure therapy or cognitive behavior therapy could be suggested. Cognitive behavioural therapy teaches you to confront fears and thoughts that are harmful, and overcome your avoidance of situations that cause anxiety. Exposure therapy involves gradually increasing the severity of anxiety-inducing situations until you are able to handle them. It can be done in a group or individually. In both instances, results can take a while to show. Some people believe that a combination of psychotherapy and medication is the best choice. Some people find that taking medication alone is enough to control symptoms. Tell your doctor how you manage your symptoms.

Other Medications

Other medications can also help relieve your symptoms. Beta blockers and antihistamines are often prescribed to ease anxiety.

These drugs can correct an imbalance in your brain chemicals and can alleviate your symptoms by reducing or blocking the signals that can cause anxiety and stress. However, they'ren't an all-in-one solution. You'll need to continue doing other things to manage anxiety, such as physical exercise, relaxation techniques, and psychotherapy.

Your doctor may initially prescribe one of the "first choice" anxiety medication, which includes SSRIs and SNRIs. They are the most effective drugs for treating anxiety without medication anxiety disorders according to research studies. SSRIs are usually found in sertraline (Zoloft), the fluoxetine, citalopram and escitalopram. These drugs may cause mild side effects, like insomnia or nausea, but they usually subside within 4-8 weeks. In contrast to benzodiazepines, these are not addictive and do not increase your risk for suicidal ideas.

The benzodiazepines alprazolam (Xanax) and clonazepam (Klonopin), and diazepoxide (Valium) offer immediate relief from anxiety and panic attacks however they can also cause adverse effects, such as dizziness, drowsiness, memory and coordination issues, as well as dependence. These drugs are less popular than the older barbiturates, but they are equally effective.

Antihistamines, such as Vistaril (hydroxyzine) were initially created to treat allergies. However they can also be used to ease anxiety symptoms. Hydroxyzine has a calming effect because it blocks histamine receptors. It is not a controlled drug, so it doesn't have the same addiction risks as benzodiazepines.

Another type of medication that may help with anxiety is a group of medications called anticonvulsants. They have been shown to ease anxiety by inhibiting the production and release of dopamine and serotonin. These medications are often prescribed as a part of an integrated therapy or to treat anxiety in the short term. Your doctor will assess your health history and symptoms to determine if these medicines are appropriate for you. They'll also discuss the length of time you should take them and any possible negative side effects. Anxiety medication is only available on prescription, so you'll have to see a psychiatrist before you can get these medications.