What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the evolution of new species and 에볼루션 사이트 the alteration of the appearance of existing ones.

A variety of examples have been provided of this, such as different varieties of fish called sticklebacks that can live in either fresh or salt water and walking stick insect varieties that prefer particular host plants. These reversible traits do not explain the fundamental changes in the basic body plan.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The development of the myriad living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for many centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selectivity is the most well-known explanation. This happens when those who are better adapted survive and reproduce more than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, a group of well adapted individuals grows and eventually becomes a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process that involves the interaction of three elements that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction both of which enhance the genetic diversity of the species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic traits to their offspring that includes dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring which includes both sexual and asexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all these elements are in harmony. If, for instance the dominant gene allele allows an organism to reproduce and last longer than the recessive gene then the dominant allele becomes more common in a population. But if the allele confers a disadvantage in survival or reduces fertility, it will be eliminated from the population. The process is self-reinforcing which means that the organism with an adaptive trait will survive and reproduce far more effectively than those with a maladaptive trait. The greater an organism's fitness as measured by its capacity to reproduce and survive, is the more offspring it will produce. Individuals with favorable characteristics, such as the long neck of giraffes, or bright white patterns on male peacocks are more likely to others to survive and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection only affects populations, not on individual organisms. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which claims that animals acquire traits through use or disuse. If a giraffe extends its neck to catch prey and its neck gets longer, then the offspring will inherit this characteristic. The difference in neck length between generations will continue until the neck of the giraffe becomes too long to no longer breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when alleles from one gene are distributed randomly within a population. At some point, only one of them will be fixed (become common enough that it can no longer be eliminated by natural selection) and the other alleles decrease in frequency. This can result in an allele that is dominant in the extreme. The other alleles have been virtually eliminated and heterozygosity diminished to zero. In a small population this could lead to the complete elimination of recessive gene. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect. It is typical of an evolutionary process that occurs when the number of individuals migrate to form a group.

A phenotypic bottleneck may also occur when survivors of a disaster like an outbreak or mass hunting event are confined to a small area. The survivors will be largely homozygous for 무료에볼루션 the dominant allele which means they will all share the same phenotype, and therefore have the same fitness traits. This could be caused by war, earthquakes or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if it is left susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh and Ariew define drift as a departure from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known example of twins that are genetically identical and have identical phenotypes, but one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift can play a very important part in the evolution of an organism. This isn't the only method for evolution. Natural selection is the primary alternative, in which mutations and migration keep the phenotypic diversity of the population.

Stephens claims that there is a huge difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as an agent or cause and treating other causes like migration and selection as causes and forces. Stephens claims that a causal process model of drift allows us to differentiate it from other forces and that this distinction is essential. He further argues that drift is a directional force: that is it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. He also claims that it also has a size, which is determined by the size of population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Students of biology in high school are often exposed to Jean-Baptiste lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution is commonly called "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms via the inheritance of traits which result from an organism's natural activities, use and disuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with an image of a giraffe stretching its neck to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This would cause giraffes' longer necks to be passed to their offspring, who would then grow even taller.

Lamarck, a French zoologist, presented an innovative idea in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged previous thinking on organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living creatures evolved from inanimate material through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this might be the case but he is widely seen as having given the subject his first comprehensive and comprehensive treatment.

The dominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and Lamarckism fought during the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately won which led to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. This theory denies acquired characteristics are passed down from generation to generation and instead argues organisms evolve by the selective influence of environmental elements, like Natural Selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries supported the notion that acquired characters could be passed on to the next generation. However, this notion was never a central part of any of their evolutionary theories. This is partly due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

It's been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age of genomics there is a vast body of evidence supporting the heritability of acquired characteristics. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. It is a variant of evolution that is as valid as the more well-known Neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution by Adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle for survival. This is a false assumption and ignores other forces driving evolution. The fight for 에볼루션 룰렛 코리아 (moved here) survival can be more accurately described as a struggle to survive within a specific environment, which could involve not only other organisms but also the physical environment.

Understanding adaptation is important to understand evolution. Adaptation is any feature that allows a living thing to survive in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physiological feature, such as feathers or fur or a behavior like moving into shade in hot weather or coming out at night to avoid the cold.

The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to draw energy from the environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism should possess the right genes to produce offspring and be able find sufficient food and resources. In addition, the organism should be capable of reproducing itself in a way that is optimally within its niche.

These elements, in conjunction with mutation and 에볼루션 사이트 gene flow, lead to changes in the ratio of alleles (different varieties of a particular gene) in the population's gene pool. Over time, this change in allele frequencies could result in the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species.

Many of the features we appreciate in plants and 에볼루션 사이트 animals are adaptations. For example lung or gills that extract oxygen from the air, fur and feathers as insulation, long legs to run away from predators, and 에볼루션 게이밍 camouflage to hide. To understand the concept of adaptation, it is important to distinguish between behavioral and physiological traits.

Physical traits such as the thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavior 에볼루션 adaptations aren't an exception, for instance, the tendency of animals to seek companionship or to retreat into the shade during hot weather. Furthermore it is important to understand that a lack of forethought is not a reason to make something an adaptation. In fact, failing to consider the consequences of a behavior can make it ineffective, despite the fact that it might appear logical or even necessary.