What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the evolution of new species and alteration of the appearance of existing ones.

This is evident in many examples such as the stickleback fish species that can live in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect varieties that prefer particular host plants. These reversible traits can't, however, explain fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution through Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all the living creatures that inhabit our planet for centuries. The most widely accepted explanation is that of Charles Darwin's natural selection, which occurs when better-adapted individuals survive and reproduce more effectively than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a community of well adapted individuals grows and 에볼루션 eventually becomes a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process that is characterized by the interaction of three factors: variation, inheritance and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction both of which enhance the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance is the term used to describe the transmission of a person’s genetic traits, which include both dominant and 에볼루션 recessive genes and their offspring. Reproduction is the process of producing viable, fertile offspring. This can be accomplished via sexual or asexual methods.

All of these elements have to be in equilibrium to allow natural selection to take place. If, for example, a dominant gene allele causes an organism reproduce and live longer than the recessive gene then the dominant allele will become more prevalent in a group. But if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforcing, meaning that an organism with a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than an individual with an inadaptive trait. The more offspring an organism produces the better its fitness that is determined by its ability to reproduce itself and survive. People with desirable characteristics, such as having a long neck in giraffes, or bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely than others to live and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection only affects populations, not on individual organisms. This is a major 에볼루션 사이트 distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which states that animals acquire traits through use or neglect. For instance, if the giraffe's neck gets longer through stretching to reach for prey, its offspring will inherit a larger neck. The length difference between generations will continue until the giraffe's neck gets too long to no longer breed with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

In the process of genetic drift, alleles within a gene can reach different frequencies in a group due to random events. Eventually, one of them will reach fixation (become so widespread that it cannot be eliminated by natural selection) and the other alleles drop to lower frequencies. In the extreme this, it leads to one allele dominance. The other alleles have been virtually eliminated and heterozygosity diminished to a minimum. In a small group, this could lead to the total elimination of the recessive allele. This is known as the bottleneck effect and is typical of the evolutionary process that occurs whenever a large number individuals migrate to form a group.

A phenotypic bottleneck can also occur when survivors of a disaster, such as an epidemic or a mass hunting event, are concentrated within a narrow area. The survivors will have an dominant allele, and will share the same phenotype. This can be caused by earthquakes, war, or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if it is left susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, 에볼루션 사이트 Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a departure from expected values due to differences in fitness. They cite the famous example of twins that are genetically identical and have exactly the same phenotype. However one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other continues to reproduce.

This type of drift is crucial in the evolution of the species. It is not the only method of evolution. Natural selection is the main alternative, in which mutations and migrations maintain the phenotypic diversity in the population.

Stephens argues that there is a big difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force or a cause and treating other causes of evolution, such as selection, mutation, and migration as forces or causes. He argues that a causal process explanation of drift permits us to differentiate it from the other forces, and this distinction is essential. He further argues that drift is a directional force: that is, it tends to eliminate heterozygosity, and that it also has a specific magnitude which is determined by the size of population.

Evolution through Lamarckism

In high school, students take biology classes, they are frequently introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is commonly referred to as "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms grow into more complex organisms through the inherited characteristics which result from the natural activities of an organism use and misuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with an image of a giraffe stretching its neck longer to reach the higher branches in the trees. This would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to their offspring, who then get taller.

Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his opening lecture for his course on invertebrate Zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he presented a groundbreaking concept that radically challenged previous thinking about organic transformation. In his view living things had evolved from inanimate matter via a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the first to propose this however he was widely regarded as the first to offer the subject a thorough and general explanation.

The most popular story is that Lamarckism was an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and that the two theories battled each other in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed which led to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that traits acquired through evolution can be inherited, and instead argues that organisms evolve through the action of environmental factors, including natural selection.

Although Lamarck endorsed the idea of inheritance through acquired characters, and his contemporaries also paid lip-service to this notion however, it was not an integral part of any of their evolutionary theories. This is due to the fact that it was never scientifically tested.

It's been more than 200 years since the birth of Lamarck and in the field of genomics, there is an increasing evidence base that supports the heritability acquired characteristics. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is just as valid as the popular Neodarwinian model.

Evolution through adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle to survive. In fact, this view misrepresents natural selection and ignores the other forces that drive evolution. The struggle for survival is more effectively described as a struggle to survive within a particular environment, which can involve not only other organisms, but also the physical environment.

To understand how evolution functions, it is helpful to understand what is adaptation. Adaptation refers to any particular feature that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. It could be a physical structure, like feathers or fur. It could also be a characteristic of behavior, like moving towards shade during hot weather or escaping the cold at night.

An organism's survival depends on its ability to extract energy from the environment and interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism must have the right genes to produce offspring and be able find enough food and resources. Furthermore, the organism needs to be able to reproduce itself at a high rate within its environment.

These factors, in conjunction with gene flow and mutations can result in an alteration in the ratio of different alleles in the population's gene pool. Over time, this change in allele frequencies can lead to the emergence of new traits and ultimately new species.

Many of the characteristics we find appealing in plants and animals are adaptations. For example the lungs or gills which extract oxygen from air, fur and feathers as insulation and long legs to get away from predators and camouflage to conceal. However, a thorough understanding of adaptation requires a keen eye to the distinction between behavioral and 에볼루션 슬롯게임 physiological traits.

Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills, are physical traits, whereas behavioral adaptations, like the desire to find companions or to retreat to the shade during hot weather, 에볼루션 바카라 무료 aren't. It is important to remember that a insufficient planning does not cause an adaptation. Inability to think about the effects of a behavior even if it seems to be logical, can cause it to be unadaptive.