What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that the natural processes of living organisms can lead to their development over time. This includes the emergence and development of new species.

This is evident in many examples such as the stickleback fish species that can be found in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that prefer specific host plants. These reversible traits do not explain the fundamental changes in basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The development of the myriad of living creatures on Earth is an enigma that has intrigued scientists for centuries. The most widely accepted explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection, a process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more successfully than those that are less well adapted. Over time, the population of well-adapted individuals becomes larger and eventually develops into a new species.

Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of three factors that are: reproduction, variation and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction both of which enhance the genetic diversity within the species. Inheritance is the transfer of a person's genetic traits to his or her offspring that includes dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the generation of viable, fertile offspring, which includes both asexual and sexual methods.

Natural selection can only occur when all these elements are in balance. For example, if the dominant allele of one gene causes an organism to survive and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele the dominant allele will become more prominent within the population. However, if the gene confers an unfavorable survival advantage or decreases fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforcing which means that the organism with an adaptive characteristic will live and reproduce far more effectively than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The greater an organism's fitness which is measured by its ability to reproduce and survive, is the more offspring it produces. People with desirable traits, like a long neck in Giraffes, or the bright white patterns on male peacocks are more likely than others to live and reproduce, 에볼루션 사이트 which will eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is only an element in the population and not on individuals. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which states that animals acquire traits due to use or lack of use. If a giraffe expands its neck to catch prey and its neck gets longer, then its offspring will inherit this characteristic. The difference in neck length between generations will continue until the giraffe's neck gets too long to not breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when alleles from one gene are distributed randomly within a population. At some point, only one of them will be fixed (become common enough that it can no longer be eliminated by natural selection), and the rest of the alleles will diminish in frequency. This can lead to a dominant allele in extreme. The other alleles are virtually eliminated and heterozygosity decreased to a minimum. In a small group this could result in the total elimination of the recessive allele. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect. It is typical of an evolution process that occurs when the number of individuals migrate to form a group.

A phenotypic bottleneck can also occur when survivors of a disaster such as an outbreak or mass hunting event are concentrated in the same area. The survivors will have an dominant allele, and will share the same phenotype. This situation might be caused by war, earthquake or even a cholera outbreak. Whatever the reason the genetically distinct group that remains is susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a departure from expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide the famous case of twins who are both genetically identical and have exactly the same phenotype. However, one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other is able to reproduce.

This type of drift is very important in the evolution of the species. It is not the only method for evolution. Natural selection is the main alternative, in which mutations and migrations maintain the phenotypic diversity of a population.

Stephens argues there is a significant distinction between treating drift as an actual cause or force, and 에볼루션 코리아 treating other causes like migration and selection mutation as causes and forces. He argues that a causal-process explanation of drift lets us distinguish it from other forces, and this distinction is crucial. He also claims that drift has a direction, that is it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. He also claims that it also has a magnitude, which is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution through Lamarckism

Students of biology in high school are often introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution is often referred to as "Lamarckism" and it asserts that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms via the inheritance of traits that are a result of an organism's natural activities use and misuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with the image of a giraffe extending its neck longer to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This process would cause giraffes to pass on their longer necks to their offspring, which then grow even taller.

Lamarck Lamarck, a French zoologist, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the previous thinking on organic transformation. In his view living things evolved from inanimate matter through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the only one to suggest this however he was widely considered to be the first to provide the subject a comprehensive and general treatment.

The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory on evolution by natural selection and 에볼루션 블랙잭 Lamarckism were competing during the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately won, leading to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired characteristics can be inherited, and instead suggests that organisms evolve through the action of environmental factors, such as natural selection.

While Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance by acquired characters and his contemporaries offered a few words about this idea but it was not a major feature in any of their evolutionary theories. This is partly because it was never scientifically validated.

But it is now more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and, in the age of genomics, there is a large amount of evidence that supports the heritability of acquired characteristics. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more generally epigenetic inheritance. It is a form of evolution that is as relevant as the more popular neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution by the process of adaptation

One of the most widespread misconceptions about evolution is that it is a result of a kind of struggle for survival. This notion is not true and ignores other forces driving evolution. The fight for survival is more accurately described as a struggle to survive in a certain environment. This can include not only other organisms, but also the physical environment itself.

Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to understand evolution. It refers to a specific feature that allows an organism to live and reproduce in its environment. It can be a physiological structure like feathers or fur or a behavior such as a tendency to move into shade in the heat or leaving at night to avoid the cold.

An organism's survival depends on its ability to extract energy from the surrounding environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism must have the right genes to produce offspring, and it should be able to find enough food and other resources. Furthermore, the organism needs to be capable of reproducing itself in a way that is optimally within its environment.

These factors, along with gene flow and mutation, lead to a change in the proportion of alleles (different forms of a gene) in the gene pool of a population. This change in allele frequency could lead to the development of new traits and eventually new species as time passes.

Many of the features we appreciate in animals and plants are adaptations. For example the lungs or 에볼루션 슬롯 gills which extract oxygen from the air feathers and fur for insulation, 에볼루션 슬롯 long legs to run away from predators and camouflage for 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 hiding. To understand the concept of adaptation it is essential to distinguish between behavioral and physiological traits.

Physiological traits like the thick fur and gills are physical characteristics. Behavioral adaptations are not like the tendency of animals to seek out companionship or retreat into shade in hot weather. In addition, it is important to understand that a lack of thought is not a reason to make something an adaptation. A failure to consider the effects of a behavior even if it seems to be rational, may make it unadaptive.