What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the notion that the natural processes of organisms can lead to their development over time. This includes the evolution of new species as well as the alteration of the appearance of existing species.

This has been proven by numerous examples of stickleback fish species that can live in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect types that prefer specific host plants. These are mostly reversible traits, however, cannot explain fundamental changes in basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all the living creatures that inhabit our planet for ages. Charles Darwin's natural selectivity is the best-established explanation. This happens when individuals who are better-adapted are able to reproduce faster and longer than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, a group of well-adapted individuals expands and eventually becomes a new species.

Natural selection is a cyclical process that involves the interaction of three elements including inheritance, variation, and reproduction. Mutation and 에볼루션 바카라사이트 sexual reproduction increase the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance refers to the transmission of a person’s genetic characteristics, which includes both dominant and recessive genes and their offspring. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring, which includes both sexual and asexual methods.

Natural selection can only occur when all of these factors are in harmony. If, for example an allele of a dominant gene causes an organism reproduce and survive more than the recessive gene allele then the dominant allele becomes more common in a population. But if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or decreases fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforcing which means that an organism with an adaptive trait will survive and reproduce far more effectively than those with a maladaptive feature. The greater an organism's fitness which is measured by its ability to reproduce and survive, is the more offspring it will produce. People with desirable traits, like having a long neck in the giraffe, or bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely to others to reproduce and survive which eventually leads to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is only a force for populations, 에볼루션바카라사이트 not individual organisms. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution that states that animals acquire traits either through usage or inaction. If a giraffe stretches its neck in order to catch prey and the neck grows longer, then its offspring will inherit this trait. The differences in neck length between generations will persist until the neck of the giraffe becomes so long that it can not breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

In genetic drift, alleles at a gene may attain different frequencies within a population by chance events. In the end, one will attain fixation (become so widespread that it is unable to be eliminated by natural selection), while other alleles fall to lower frequency. This can result in a dominant allele at the extreme. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small number of people, this could result in the complete elimination of recessive gene. This scenario is called a bottleneck effect, 에볼루션 바카라 무료 블랙잭 (Unit.Igaoche.com) and it is typical of evolutionary process that occurs when a large amount of people migrate to form a new group.

A phenotypic bottleneck could occur when the survivors of a disaster, such as an epidemic or a mass hunt, are confined within a narrow area. The survivors will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele which means they will all share the same phenotype and will consequently have the same fitness traits. This could be caused by war, earthquakes or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if it is left, could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They cite the famous example of twins who are both genetically identical and have exactly the same phenotype. However, one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other continues to reproduce.

This kind of drift can be crucial in the evolution of the species. However, it's not the only way to evolve. The main alternative is a process known as natural selection, in which the phenotypic variation of a population is maintained by mutation and migration.

Stephens asserts that there is a huge difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force or cause, and treating other causes like selection mutation and migration as causes and forces. He argues that a causal-process account of drift allows us distinguish it from other forces and this distinction is essential. He also argues that drift has a direction: that is it tends to reduce heterozygosity, and that it also has a size, that is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution through Lamarckism

When students in high school study biology they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is often known as "Lamarckism" and it asserts that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms by the inheritance of characteristics that are a result of the organism's natural actions use and misuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated by the image of a giraffe stretching its neck longer to reach the higher branches in the trees. This causes giraffes' longer necks to be passed onto their offspring who would grow taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his lecture to begin his course on invertebrate Zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th May 1802, he presented an innovative concept that completely challenged the conventional wisdom about organic transformation. According Lamarck, living organisms evolved from inanimate matter through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this could be the case, but his reputation is widely regarded as giving the subject its first general and comprehensive analysis.

The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection and Lamarckism were rivals in the 19th Century. Darwinism ultimately prevailed and led to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired characteristics can be inherited, and instead suggests that organisms evolve by the symbiosis of environmental factors, such as natural selection.

Although Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries also offered a few words about this idea but it was not a central element in any of their evolutionary theories. This is partly because it was never tested scientifically.

It's been over 200 years since the birth of Lamarck and in the field of genomics, there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability of acquired traits. It is sometimes called "neo-Lamarckism" or more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. This is a variant that is just as valid as the popular Neodarwinian model.

Evolution through adaptation

One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a type of struggle to survive. This notion is not true and ignores other forces driving evolution. The struggle for 에볼루션 바카라 survival is more effectively described as a struggle to survive within a specific environment, which can involve not only other organisms, but also the physical environment.

Understanding adaptation is important to understand evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any specific characteristic that allows an organism to survive and 에볼루션 바카라사이트 reproduce within its environment. It could be a physiological structure, like feathers or fur, or a behavioral trait like moving into shade in hot weather or coming out at night to avoid cold.

The capacity of an organism to extract energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environment is essential to its survival. The organism must possess the right genes to create offspring, and it must be able to access enough food and other resources. The organism must also be able reproduce at a rate that is optimal for its specific niche.

These factors, together with gene flow and mutations can cause changes in the proportion of different alleles within a population’s gene pool. This shift in the frequency of alleles could lead to the development of new traits and eventually, new species in the course of time.

A lot of the traits we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, such as lung or gills for removing oxygen from the air, feathers or fur to provide insulation, long legs for running away from predators, and 바카라 에볼루션 camouflage for hiding. To understand the concept of adaptation, it is important to discern between physiological and behavioral traits.

Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills, are physical traits, whereas behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to seek out friends or to move to the shade during hot weather, aren't. Furthermore, it is important to note that lack of planning does not make something an adaptation. Failure to consider the effects of a behavior even if it seems to be logical, can cause it to be unadaptive.