What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the creation of new species and the transformation of the appearance of existing species.

This has been demonstrated by many examples, including stickleback fish varieties that can live in saltwater or fresh water and walking stick insect types that prefer specific host plants. These mostly reversible trait permutations, 에볼루션게이밍 however, cannot explain fundamental changes in basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The evolution of the myriad living creatures on Earth is a mystery that has intrigued scientists for many centuries. The best-established explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection process, an evolutionary process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more effectively than those that are less well adapted. Over time, the population of well-adapted individuals grows and eventually creates a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of 3 factors: variation, 에볼루션게이밍 reproduction and inheritance. Mutation and sexual reproduction increase the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic traits to their offspring, which includes both dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the production of fertile, viable offspring which includes both sexual and asexual methods.

Natural selection can only occur when all the factors are in equilibrium. If, for instance the dominant gene allele causes an organism reproduce and last longer than the recessive gene then the dominant allele becomes more common in a population. But if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. This process is self-reinforcing meaning that an organism with a beneficial trait can reproduce and survive longer than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more fit an organism is, measured by its ability reproduce and endure, is the higher number of offspring it will produce. People with good traits, like longer necks in giraffes, or bright white color 에볼루션 코리아 patterns in male peacocks are more likely survive and have offspring, so they will eventually make up the majority of the population in the future.

Natural selection only affects populations, not on individual organisms. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which argues that animals acquire characteristics through use or 에볼루션카지노사이트 disuse. If a giraffe extends its neck to catch prey and its neck gets longer, then its offspring will inherit this characteristic. The difference in neck length between generations will continue until the giraffe's neck gets so long that it can no longer breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

In genetic drift, alleles within a gene can be at different frequencies in a group due to random events. In the end, only one will be fixed (become widespread enough to not longer be eliminated through natural selection), 에볼루션코리아 and the other alleles will decrease in frequency. In the extreme, this leads to one allele dominance. Other alleles have been basically eliminated and heterozygosity has been reduced to zero. In a small group this could lead to the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect. It is typical of the evolution process that occurs when the number of individuals migrate to form a group.

A phenotypic bottleneck can also happen when the survivors of a catastrophe such as an epidemic or a mass hunting event, are condensed into a small area. The survivors will be largely homozygous for the dominant allele, which means that they will all have the same phenotype and will consequently have the same fitness characteristics. This can be caused by earthquakes, war or even a plague. The genetically distinct population, if left susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected value due to differences in fitness. They give a famous example of twins that are genetically identical, have identical phenotypes, and yet one is struck by lightning and dies, 에볼루션 사이트게이밍, Cactusfog4.bravejournal.net, whereas the other lives and reproduces.

This type of drift can play a crucial role in the evolution of an organism. However, it is not the only method to develop. The main alternative is a process known as natural selection, where the phenotypic variation of an individual is maintained through mutation and migration.

Stephens argues that there is a major difference between treating drift as a force or an underlying cause, and considering other causes of evolution like selection, mutation and migration as forces or causes. He argues that a causal process account of drift permits us to differentiate it from the other forces, and this distinction is vital. He further argues that drift is both direction, i.e., it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are frequently introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, often called "Lamarckism which means that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms by adopting traits that result from the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with the image of a giraffe extending its neck further to reach higher up in the trees. This would cause giraffes' longer necks to be passed to their offspring, who would then grow even taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his lecture to begin his course on invertebrate Zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he presented an original idea that fundamentally challenged the conventional wisdom about organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living things evolved from inanimate materials through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the first to suggest this, but he was widely regarded as the first to give the subject a comprehensive and general overview.

The popular narrative is that Lamarckism grew into a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and that the two theories fought each other in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually triumphed and led to the development of what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits are passed down from generation to generation and instead argues organisms evolve by the influence of environment factors, such as Natural Selection.

While Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries offered a few words about this idea, it was never a central element in any of their evolutionary theories. This is partly due to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.

But it is now more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and, in the age of genomics there is a huge amount of evidence to support the heritability of acquired traits. It is sometimes referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a version of evolution that is as valid as the more well-known Neo-Darwinian theory.

Evolution by Adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle for survival. This view is inaccurate and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The fight for survival can be more accurately described as a struggle to survive within a particular environment, which may involve not only other organisms but also the physical environment itself.

To understand how evolution works, it is helpful to think about what adaptation is. The term "adaptation" refers to any specific feature that allows an organism to live and reproduce within its environment. It can be a physiological structure, such as fur or feathers or a behavior such as a tendency to move into shade in hot weather or stepping out at night to avoid cold.

The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to extract energy from the surrounding environment and interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism must possess the right genes to produce offspring, and it must be able to find enough food and other resources. The organism must also be able to reproduce itself at the rate that is suitable for its particular niche.

These factors, together with mutations and gene flow can result in an alteration in the ratio of different alleles within the gene pool of a population. This change in allele frequency can lead to the emergence of new traits, and eventually, new species in the course of time.

Many of the characteristics we appreciate in plants and animals are adaptations. For instance, lungs or gills that extract oxygen from air feathers and fur for insulation, long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. However, a thorough understanding of adaptation requires a keen eye to the distinction between physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physiological traits like the thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavioral adaptations are not, such as the tendency of animals to seek companionship or retreat into shade during hot temperatures. It is important to note that lack of planning does not cause an adaptation. A failure to consider the consequences of a decision even if it seems to be rational, may make it inflexible.