What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the creation of new species as well as the alteration of the appearance of existing ones.

Many examples have been given of this, including different kinds of stickleback fish that can live in either salt or fresh water, as well as walking stick insect varieties that prefer particular host plants. These are mostly reversible traits however, are not able to explain fundamental changes in basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The evolution of the myriad living creatures on Earth is a mystery that has intrigued scientists for decades. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the most well-known explanation. This happens when those who are better adapted have more success in reproduction and 무료에볼루션 survival than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, the number of individuals who are well-adapted grows and eventually develops into an entirely new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process that is characterized by the interaction of three elements that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Sexual reproduction and mutations increase the genetic diversity of the species. Inheritance is the transfer of a person's genetic characteristics to his or 무료에볼루션 her offspring which includes both dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the production of viable, fertile offspring, which includes both asexual and sexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all of these factors are in balance. If, for instance, 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 a dominant gene allele allows an organism to reproduce and last longer than the recessive gene then the dominant allele is more prevalent in a population. However, if the allele confers a disadvantage in survival or 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 decreases fertility, it will be eliminated from the population. The process is self-reinforcing which means that an organism that has an adaptive characteristic will live and reproduce far more effectively than those with a maladaptive feature. The higher the level of fitness an organism has as measured by its capacity to reproduce and survive, is the greater number of offspring it can produce. People with desirable traits, like a longer neck in giraffes and bright white color patterns in male peacocks are more likely to be able to survive and create offspring, which means they will make up the majority of the population over time.

Natural selection only acts on populations, not individual organisms. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which holds that animals acquire traits through the use or absence of use. For example, if a giraffe's neck gets longer through stretching to reach prey and its offspring will inherit a longer neck. The length difference between generations will continue until the neck of the giraffe becomes so long that it can no longer breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when the alleles of the same gene are randomly distributed in a group. Eventually, only one will be fixed (become common enough to no longer be eliminated through natural selection) and the other alleles decrease in frequency. This can result in an allele that is dominant in the extreme. The other alleles have been essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has decreased to a minimum. In a small group it could result in the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect. It is typical of the evolutionary process that occurs whenever the number of individuals migrate to form a group.

A phenotypic 'bottleneck' can also occur when survivors of a disaster such as an outbreak or mass hunting event are concentrated in a small area. The survivors will have an dominant allele, and will share the same phenotype. This situation could be caused by war, earthquakes or even a plague. Regardless of the cause the genetically distinct group that remains could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They give a famous instance of twins who are genetically identical, share identical phenotypes but one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift can play a crucial role in the evolution of an organism. This isn't the only method of evolution. The main alternative is to use a process known as natural selection, where the phenotypic variation of a population is maintained by mutation and migration.

Stephens claims that there is a vast difference between treating drift like an agent or 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 cause and treating other causes like migration and selection mutation as causes and forces. He argues that a causal process account of drift allows us to distinguish it from these other forces, and that this distinction is vital. He further argues that drift is both direction, i.e., it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a size, that is determined by population size.

Evolution by Lamarckism

In high school, [Redirect Only] students study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, commonly referred to as "Lamarckism, states that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms through inheriting characteristics that are a product of an organism's use and disuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with an image of a giraffe stretching its neck longer to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This process would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to their offspring, which then become taller.

Lamarck the French zoologist, presented an innovative idea in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged previous thinking on organic transformation. In his view, living things had evolved from inanimate matter via a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the first to propose this however he was widely considered to be the first to provide the subject a comprehensive and general overview.

The most popular story is that Lamarckism grew into an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and that the two theories fought each other in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed which led to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits can be passed down and instead, it claims that organisms evolve through the selective action of environment factors, including Natural Selection.

Although Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance through acquired characters, and his contemporaries also offered a few words about this idea but it was not a major feature in any of their evolutionary theories. This is largely due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and, in the age of genomics there is a vast amount of evidence to support the possibility of inheritance of acquired traits. This is often referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or, more frequently, epigenetic inheritance. This is a variant that is as valid as the popular Neodarwinian model.

Evolution through the process of adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is being driven by a struggle for survival. In reality, this notion is a misrepresentation of natural selection and ignores the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The fight for survival is better described as a struggle to survive in a particular environment. This could be a challenge for not just other living things, but also the physical surroundings themselves.

To understand how evolution works it is beneficial to understand what is adaptation. The term "adaptation" refers to any specific characteristic that allows an organism to live and reproduce in its environment. It can be a physiological structure like feathers or fur, or a behavioral trait like moving into shade in hot weather or stepping out at night to avoid the cold.

The ability of an organism to extract energy from its environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments, is crucial to its survival. The organism must possess the right genes to produce offspring, and must be able to find enough food and other resources. The organism must also be able to reproduce itself at the rate that is suitable for its niche.

These elements, in conjunction with gene flow and mutation, lead to an alteration in the percentage of alleles (different forms of a gene) in the gene pool of a population. The change in frequency of alleles can result in the emergence of new traits and eventually, new species over time.

Many of the features we admire in plants and animals are adaptations. For instance the lungs or gills which draw oxygen from air, fur and feathers as insulation and long legs to get away from predators and camouflage for hiding. To understand adaptation it is crucial to differentiate between physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physical characteristics like the thick fur and gills are physical traits. The behavioral adaptations aren't an exception, for instance, the tendency of animals to seek out companionship or retreat into shade in hot temperatures. Additionally it is important to remember that a lack of thought does not make something an adaptation. Failure to consider the effects of a behavior even if it appears to be rational, could make it inflexible.