What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that the natural processes of organisms can cause them to develop over time. This includes the emergence and development of new species.

This has been demonstrated by numerous examples, including stickleback fish varieties that can thrive in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect types that prefer particular host plants. These are mostly reversible traits, however, cannot explain fundamental changes in basic body plans.

Evolution through Natural Selection

The development of the myriad living creatures on Earth is an enigma that has intrigued scientists for decades. The most widely accepted explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection, which occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more effectively than those who are less well adapted. As time passes, the number of well-adapted individuals becomes larger and eventually creates an entirely new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of 3 factors that are: reproduction, variation and inheritance. Mutation and sexual reproduction increase genetic diversity in the species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to their offspring that includes dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the process of producing viable, fertile offspring. This can be accomplished via sexual or asexual methods.

All of these elements must be in balance for natural selection to occur. For example the case where an allele that is dominant at the gene allows an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele the dominant allele will be more prevalent in the population. However, if the gene confers an unfavorable survival advantage or decreases fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforcing, 에볼루션 바카라사이트 which means that the organism with an adaptive trait will live and reproduce much more than those with a maladaptive feature. The greater an organism's fitness as measured by its capacity to reproduce and endure, is the higher number of offspring it produces. People with good characteristics, such as a long neck in Giraffes, or the bright white patterns on male peacocks, are more likely than others to survive and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is an aspect of populations and not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory that states that animals acquire traits either through the use or absence of use. If a giraffe stretches its neck in order to catch prey, and the neck becomes longer, then its offspring will inherit this trait. The differences in neck size between generations will continue to grow until the giraffe is no longer able to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

In genetic drift, alleles of a gene could attain different frequencies in a population by chance events. Eventually, only one will be fixed (become common enough that it can no longer be eliminated by natural selection), 무료 에볼루션 and the rest of the alleles will decrease in frequency. This could lead to dominance in the extreme. The other alleles are essentially eliminated, and heterozygosity decreases to zero. In a small number of people it could lead to the complete elimination of recessive alleles. This scenario is called a bottleneck effect, and it is typical of evolutionary process that occurs when a large number of individuals move to form a new population.

A phenotypic bottleneck can also occur when the survivors of a disaster such as an outbreak or mass hunt event are concentrated in the same area. The survivors will carry a dominant allele and thus will share the same phenotype. This could be caused by earthquakes, 에볼루션 슬롯게임 war or even plagues. Whatever the reason the genetically distinct group that remains is susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, 에볼루션 슬롯게임 Walsh and Ariew define drift as a departure from expected values due to differences in fitness. They cite a famous example of twins that are genetically identical, 에볼루션 코리아 have identical phenotypes but one is struck by lightening and dies while the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift could be very important in the evolution of an entire species. However, it is not the only method to evolve. Natural selection is the most common alternative, in which mutations and 에볼루션 슬롯게임 migration keep phenotypic diversity within the population.

Stephens claims that there is a major difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force or as a cause and treating other causes of evolution like selection, 에볼루션 무료체험 mutation, and migration as forces or causes. Stephens claims that a causal process explanation of drift permits us to differentiate it from other forces, and that this distinction is vital. He further argues that drift is both an orientation, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size, that is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution through Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are often introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lemarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, also called "Lamarckism is based on the idea that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms taking on traits that result from the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism is illustrated through the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher branches in the trees. This would cause the longer necks of giraffes to be passed to their offspring, who would grow taller.

Lamarck the French zoologist, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the conventional wisdom on organic transformation. According to him living things had evolved from inanimate matter through the gradual progression of events. Lamarck was not the first to suggest this, but he was widely considered to be the first to offer the subject a thorough and general explanation.

The dominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection and Lamarckism were competing during the 19th century. Darwinism eventually triumphed and led to the creation of what biologists now call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits can be passed down through generations and instead argues that organisms evolve through the selective influence of environmental factors, such as Natural Selection.

While Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries spoke of this idea, it was never a major feature in any of their evolutionary theorizing. This is due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

It's been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth and in the field of genomics there is a growing body of evidence that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a model that is as reliable as the popular Neodarwinian model.

Evolution by Adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is being driven by a fight for survival. In fact, this view misrepresents natural selection and ignores the other forces that are driving evolution. The struggle for survival is more precisely described as a fight to survive in a specific environment, which can include not just other organisms, but also the physical environment.

Understanding adaptation is important to comprehend evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows a living thing to survive in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical structure like fur or feathers. Or it can be a behavior trait such as moving to the shade during hot weather or escaping the cold at night.

An organism's survival depends on its ability to draw energy from the environment and to interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism should possess the right genes for producing offspring, and be able to find enough food and resources. In addition, the organism should be able to reproduce itself at an optimal rate within its environmental niche.

These elements, along with mutations and gene flow can cause an alteration in the ratio of different alleles in the gene pool of a population. The change in frequency of alleles can result in the emergence of new traits and eventually, new species as time passes.

A lot of the traits we appreciate in plants and animals are adaptations. For example lung or gills that draw oxygen from air feathers and fur as insulation and long legs to get away from predators and camouflage for hiding. To comprehend adaptation, it is important to discern between physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physiological adaptations like thick fur or gills, are physical traits, while behavioral adaptations, such as the desire to find companions or to move to the shade during hot weather, aren't. Furthermore it is important to understand that lack of planning is not a reason to make something an adaptation. Inability to think about the consequences of a decision even if it seems to be logical, can cause it to be unadaptive.