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Cavalcante et al. Biomarker Research (2016) 4:1 DOI 10.1186/s40364-016-0055-RESEARCHOpen AccessA panel of glycoproteins as candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment evaluation of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemiaMarcio de Souza Cavalcante1, Jos?Camilo Torres-Romero2,3, Marina Duarte Pinto Lobo2,3, Frederico Bruno Mendes Batista Moreno2, Leonardo Primo Bezerra2, Diego Silva Lima4, Jesamar Correia Matos5, Renato de Azevedo Moreira2 and Ana Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro-Moreira2*AbstractBackground: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common malignant cancer in childhood. The signs and symptoms of childhood cancer are difficult to recognize, as it is not the first diagnosis to be considered for nonspecific complaints, leading to potential uncertainty in diagnosis. The aim of this study was to perform proteomic analysis of serum from pediatric patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic (R)-3-Fluoropyrrolidine hydrochloride leukemia (B-ALL) to identify candidate biomarker proteins, for use in early diagnosis and evaluation Methyl 2-((4-nitro-1h-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)benzoate of treatment. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from ten patients at the time of diagnosis (B-ALL group) and after induction therapy (AIT group). Sera from healthy children were used as controls (Control group). The samples were subjected to immunodepletion, affinity chromatography with -D-galactose-binding lectin (from Artocarpus incisa seeds) immobilized on a SepharoseTM 4B gel, concentration, and digestion for subsequent analysis with nano-UPLC tandem nano-ESI-MSE. The program ExpressionE was used to quantify differences in protein expression between groups. Results: A total of 96 proteins were identified. Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), Clusterin (CLU), thrombin (F2), heparin cofactor II (SERPIND1), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), alpha-2-antiplasmin (SERPINF2), Alpha-1 antitrypsin (SERPINA1), Complement factor B (CFB) and Complement C3 (C3) were identified as candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis of B-ALL, as they were upregulated in the B-ALL group relative to the control and AIT groups. Expression levels of the candidate biomarkers did not differ significantly between the AIT and control groups, providing further evidence that the candidate biomarkers are present only in the disease state, as all patients achieved complete remission after treatment. Conclusion: A panel of protein biomarker candidates has been developed for pre-diagnosis of B-ALL and also provided information that would indicate a favorable response to treatment after induction therapy. Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3081428 leukemia, Biomarker, Lectin, Frutalin, Mass spectrometry* Correspondence: acomoreira@unifor.br 2 Center of Experimental Biology (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Cear? Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article?2016 Cavalcante et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to jkms.2017.32.2.278 the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.o.