Ection fraction; LWHFQ, Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire; MDB, mental deterioration battery; MI, myocardial infarction; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NT-pro BNP, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; pts, patients; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; RBMT, Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test; RCPM, raven coloured progressive matrices; SD, standard deviation; WMS, Weschler Memory Scale.Page 8 ofCannon et al. Alzheimer's Research Therapy (2015) 7:Table 1-phenyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole 2 Studies examining cognitive changes over time in the heart failure populationStudy Sample Population Median age in years (SD) 76 (8) Study Inclusion methodology criteria Prospective EF 60 years and outpatientsLVEFNYHA II-IV Tanne 2005 [33] 20 CHF underwent exercise programme5 CHF pts as control pts Outpatients 63 (13) Prospective EF 35 NYHA III History of HF for 6 months Stable on medication 6 weeks Stanek 2009 [19] 40 HF pts, 35 CAD controls Age >53 and 45 years and outpatients HF: 68 (10) CAD controls: PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24083752 68 (10) ProspectiveNYHA PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9638577 LVEF NYHA Mod-Bruce ETT 6 minute walk testCo-morbid psychiatric or neurological illness. Previous diagnosis of CINYHADRS12 months HF patients improved at 12 months, particularly in attention Cardiac controls stable at 12 monthsCOHF: EF oncotarget.13387 psychiatric or neurological CAD controls: Tert-butyl 2-(chloromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate illness. Previous previous MI and diagnosis of CI EF >60 , English speaking Healthy controls: no history of CAD, English speakingNYHA LVEFMultidomain neuropsychiatric battery2 yearsCHF group showed cognitive decline compared with CAD and healthy controls81 healthy controlsHealthy controls: 69 (11) Age >80 years and outpatients 84 (3) Prospective6 minute walk testHjelm 2011 [35]95 HF pts607 non-CHF controlsNot specifiedNot specifiedHF diagnosis based on documentation in medical recordsMultidomain neuropsychiatric battery10 yearsHF patients showed significant decline in episodic memory and spatial performance compared with controlsPage 9 ofCannon et al. Alzheimer's Research Therapy (2015) 7:Table 2 Studies examining cognitive changes over time in the heart failure population (Continued)Riegel 2012 [36] 279 consecutive HF pts (HF-REF and HF-PEF) Age 60 years and outpatients 77 (8) Prospective HF-REF: hospitali.