This de facto mechanical standard for CAN could be implemented with the node having both male and female 9-pin D-sub connectors electrically wired to each other in parallel within the node. Bus power is fed to a node's male connector and the bus draws power from the node's female connector. Some other computer architectures use different modules with a different bus width. These modules usually combine multiple chips on one circuit board. In a single-channel configuration, only one module at a time can transfer information to the CPU. A transition that occurs before or after it is expected causes the controller to calculate the time difference and lengthen phase segment 1 or shorten phase segment 2 by this time. The figures below are simplex data rates, which may conflict with the duplex rates vendors sometimes use in promotional materials. On devices like modems, bytes may be more than 8 bits long because they may be individually padded out with additional start and stop bits; the figures below will reflect this. The figures below are grouped by network or bus type, then sorted within each group from lowest to highest bandwidth; gray shading indicates a lack of known implementations.

That then impacts the sale rate, the timing of the sale, and the approach of sale that you may use. Sometimes, the terms "control" and "instrumentation" may be used interchangeably to refer to the same cable. The Airbus series of airliners used full-authority FBW controls beginning with their A320 series, see A320 flight control (though some limited FBW functions existed on A310). The movements of flight controls are converted to electronic signals transmitted by wires, and flight control computers determine how to move the actuators at each control surface to provide the ordered response. Prior to the electric telegraph, visual systems were used, including beacons, smoke signals, flag semaphore, and optical telegraphs for visual signals to communicate over distances of land. Over the years, bus widths rose from 64-bit to 512-bit and beyond: e.g. HBM is 1024 bits wide. USB ports are only a few years old, and will likely replace both serial and parallel ports completely over the next several years. In general, parallel interfaces are quoted in B/s and serial in bit/s. By convention, bus and network data rates are denoted either in bits per second (bit/s) or bytes per second (B/s). In 2012, high-end GPUs used 8 or even 12 chips with 32 lanes each, for a total memory bus width of 256 or 384 bits.

Where single values are given below, they are examples from high-end cards. RAM frequencies used for a given chip technology vary greatly. Bit rates of multi-channel configurations are the product of the module bit-rate (given below) and the number of channels. While some dual CPU socket motherboards have been implemented in ATX, the extra size of EATX makes it the typical form factor for dual socket systems, and with sockets that support four or eight memory channels, for single socket systems with a large number of memory slots. The total GPU memory bus width varies with the number of memory chips and the number of lanes per chip. For example, GDDR5 specifies either 16 or 32 lanes per device (chip), while GDDR5X specifies 64 lanes per chip. Every graphics memory chip is directly connected to the GPU (point-to-point). RAM memory modules are also utilised by graphics processing units; however, memory modules for those differ somewhat from standard computer memory, particularly with lower power requirements, and are specialised to serve GPUs: for example, GDDR3 was fundamentally based on DDR2. For direct comparison to the values for 64-bit modules shown above, video RAM is compared here in 64-lane lots, what is control cable corresponding to two chips for those devices with 32-bit widths.

As stated above, all quoted bandwidths are for each direction. 802.11 networks in infrastructure mode are half-duplex; all stations share the medium. In this mode all devices must be able to see each other, instead of only having to be able to see the access point. 802.11 networks in ad hoc mode are still half-duplex, but devices communicate directly rather than through an access point. In infrastructure or access point mode, all traffic has to pass through an Access Point (AP). Thus, two stations on the same access point that are communicating with each other must have each and every frame transmitted twice: from the sender to the access point, then from the access point to the receiver. When TEC is greater than 255, then the node enters into Bus Off state, where no frames will be transmitted. Next, you will wait out a maximum of the redemption length and then retake a look to look at how many of those houses are nonetheless left unredeemed.